Mount Kinabalu (Malay: Gunung Kinabalu) is a prominent mountain on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It is located in the East Malaysian state of Sabah and is protected as Kinabalu National Park, a World Heritage Site. Kinabalu is the highest peak in Borneo's Crocker Range and is the highest mountain in the Malay Archipelago.[1] Mount Kinabalu is also the 20th most prominent mountain in the world bytopographic prominence.[2]
In 1997, a re-survey using satellite technology established its summit (known as Low’s Peak) height at 4,095 metres (13,435 ft) above sea level, which is some 6 metres (20 ft) less than the previously thought and hitherto published figure of 4,101 metres (13,455 ft).[3]
Mount Kinabalu includes the Kinabalu montane alpine meadows ecoregion in the montane grasslands and shrublands biome. The mountain and its surroundings are among the most important biological sites in the world, with over 4500 species of plant, 326 species ofbirds, and 100 mammalian species identified. Among this rich collection of wildlife are famous species such as the gigantic Rafflesia plants and the orangutan. Mount Kinabalu has been accorded UNESCO World Heritage status.[4][5]
Low's Peak can be climbed quite easily by a person in good physical condition and there is no need for mountaineering equipment at any point on the main route. Other peaks along the massif, however, require rock climbing skills.
Tales
There are two stories that led to the main beliefs in the origin of the mountain's name.
The first derivation of the word Kinabalu is extracted from the short form for the Kadazan Dusun word 'Aki Nabalu', meaning "the revered place of the dead".
The second source states that the name "Kinabalu" actually means "Cina Balu" (which would fully mean "A Chinese Widow"). Due to the lingual influence among the Kadazan Dusun of Sabah, the pronunciation for the word "cina" (chee-na) was changed to "Kina" (kee-na).
It was told that a Chinese prince, was cast away to Borneo when his ship sank in the middle of the South China Sea. He was subsequently rescued by the natives from a nearby village. As he recovered, he was slowly accepted as one of the people of the village. Eventually, he fell in love with a local woman, and married her. Years went by, and he started to feel homesick. So he asked permission from his newly-found family to go back to China to visit his parents (the Emperor and Empress of China). To his wife, he promised that as soon as he was done with his family duties in China, he would come back to Borneo to take her and their children back to China.
When he made his return to China, he was given a grand welcome by his family. However, to his dismay, his parents disagreed with him about taking his Bornean wife back to China. Worse, they told him that he was already betrothed to a princess of a neighbouring kingdom. Having no choice (due tohigh respect towards his parents), he obeyed with a heavy heart.
Meanwhile, back in Borneo, his wife grew more and more anxious. Eventually, she decided that she will wait for her husband's ship. However, since the village was situated far away from the coast, she couldn't afford to come to the shore and wait for him daily. Instead she decided to climb to the top of the highest mountain near her village, so that she could have a better view of the ships sailing in the South China Sea. Thus, she was then seen climbing up the mountain at every sunrise, returning only at night to attend to her growing children.
Eventually her efforts took their toll. She fell ill, and died at the top of the cold mountain while waiting for her husband. The spirit of the mountain, having observed her for years, was extremely touched by her loyalty towards her husband. Out of admiration for this woman, the spirit of the mountain turned her into a stone. Her face was made to face the South China Sea, so that she could wait forever for her dear husband's return.
The people in her hometown who heard about this were also gravely touched by this. Thus, they decided to name the mountain "Kinabalu" in remembrance of her. To them, the mountain is a symbol of the everlasting love and loyalty that should be taken as a good example by women.
Local legend among the people of Ranau, a district in Sabah, has it that St. John's Peak was the stone which her body was turned into.
Malay
Gunung Kinabalu yang terletak di Sabah, Malaysia merupakan puncak tertinggi di Malaysia dan puncak tertinggi Pulau Borneo yang ketinggiannya mencecah 4,095 meter dari aras laut.[1] Gunung Kinabalu juga merupakan gunung kelima tertinggi di Asia Tenggara. [2] di belakang Hkakabo Razi di Myanmar (5881 m), Puncak Jaya (4884 meter),Puncak Trikora (4730 meter) dan Puncak Mandala (4700meter) diIndonesia. Dan Gunung Kinabalu jugalah gunung keempat tertinggi di Kepulauan Melayu.
Dari segi persempadanan geografi, gunung Kinabalu merupakan adalah yang tertinggi di Asia Tenggara. Ini adalah kerana Hkakabo Raziterletak di banjaran Himalaya yang terletak di plat tetonik benua India, sementara Puncak Jaya, Puncak Trikora, dan Puncak Mandala pula terletak dibenua Ocenia. Terdapat beberapa pertikaian mengenai kedudukan ketinggian gunung Kinabalu di Asia Tenggara, bergantung kepada cara pentakrifan ketinggian gunung dan sempadan Asia Tenggara. Puncak Raya (juga dikenali sebagai Piramid Carstenz) telah diakui sebagai puncak tertinggi di "Oceania".[3] Indonesia dari segi politik umumnya dianggap sebahagian daripada Asia Tenggara, tetapi dari segi geologi dianggap sebahagian “Oceania” - disebabkan Indonesia tidak bercantum secara fizikal dengan benua Asia.
Gunung Kinabalu mempunyai kawasan hutan Dipterokarp Bukit, hutan Dipterokarp Atas, hutan Montane dan Hutan Ericaceous atau hutan gunung.
Gunung Kinabalu merupakan lambang kemegahan kepada setiap penduduk yang tinggal di Sabah. Sesetengah penduduk menganggap Gunung Kinabalu ini merupakan gunung yang dapat memberikan semangat juang dan satu padu rakyat Sabah. Gunung Kinabalu banyak menyimpan cerita dan kisah-kisah yang misteri. Menurut kepercayaan masyararakat Kadazan Sabah, Gunung Kinabalu merupakan tempat bersemadinya semangat mereka selepas meninggal dunia.
Lagenda
Seperti mana-mana gunung tinggi diseluruh dunia, Gunung Kinabalu juga tidak terlepas dari cerita-cerita mistik dan lagenda yang unik. Kaum Kadazandusun yang menetap disekitar wilayahKundasang dan Ranau di Sabah telah menyifatkan diri mereka sebagai penjaga dan pelindung Gunung Kinabalu untuk sekian lama, mereka mempercayai tanah sekitar, hutan, air dan Gunung Kinabalu itu sendiri merupakan tanah suci yang perlu dipelihara sentiasa, mereka juga mempercayai bahawa roh-roh nenek moyang mereka yang telah mati kini berada dan berehat-rehat di Gunung Kinabalu dan sekitarnya. Awalnya, aktiviti meneroka dan mendaki Gunung Kinabalu adalah suatu perbuatan yang ditegah sama-sekali oleh kaum Kadazandusun, hal ini bagi mengelakkan roh-roh nenek moyang mereka dari menjadi marah dan mungkin akan mengganggu penduduk setempat serta pendaki.
Namun pada tahun 1851, seorang Gabenor British di Labuan yang bernama Sir Hugh Low telah memulakan ekpedisi perjalanan dakian ke Gunung Kinabalu dengan hasrat untuk berkompromi dengan semua penduduk tempatan untuk mempersembahkan korban bagi menenangkan jiwa roh-roh nenek moyang mereka.
Perkataan "Kinabalu" asalnya merupakan perkataan kaum Kadazandusun yang dicampurkan antara perkataan "Aki' Nabalu", yakni "Aki" membawa maksud nenek moyang, manakala "Nabalu" beerti gunung, "Gunung Nenek Moyang" dalam bahasa Melayu. Atau secara tepat lagi gunung yang menjadi tempat persemadian roh-roh nenek moyang kaum Kadazandusun.
Menurut lagenda kaum Kadazandusun, dewa tertinggi telah menciptakan dunia dan Gunung Kinabalu, ianya bermula dari mitos naga yang menjaga harta karun mutiara. Kesahan cerita ini dapat anda rasakan ketika anda berada di puncak-puncak tertinggi di Gunung Kinabalu, lebih-lebih lagi ketika anda dalam keadaan sunyi sepi dengan iklim yang lembab, pemandangan awan yang bergerak perlahan dan bunyi tiupan angin yang kuat. Para pendaki adalah dinasihatkan agar sentiasa menjaga tatatertib dengan baik ketika mendaki, Etika pemakaian perlu dijaga, tidak membuat bunyi bising, tidak memanggil-manggil nama orang sesuka hati, tidak marah atau gelak terbahak-bahak.
Mendaki dalam keadaan mabuk dan terhuyung hayang adalah amat dilarang kerana boleh menyebabkan bahaya. Gunung Kinabalu mempunyai struktur batuan yang curam, berlobang dan mudah tergelincir, gunakan tali dakian sepanjang masa bagi mengelakkan anda terjatuh dalam gaung yang banyak terdapat di puncak-puncak Gunung Kinabalu.
Diatas Gunung Kinabalu juga terdapat banyak telaga dan lopak-lopak air semulajadi, kaum Kadazandusun mempercayai disinilah tempat roh-roh nenek moyang mereka mandi-manda, disini juga tempat dimana segelintir dari mereka yang bergelar Bobohizan akan mencuci badan dan mengambil air untuk diminum dengan tujuan untuk membuang sial. Kini kelopak-kelopak air itu dijadikan sebagai kolah harapan (wishing well) untuk para pendaki yang mendaki di Gunung Kinabalu, para pendaki biasanya akan membaling duit syiling kedalam kolah harapan tersebut sebagai suatu cara untuk menghormati roh-roh nenek moyang kaum Kadazandusun supaya tidak mengganggu mereka ketika mendaki dan turun. Namun perkara memuja roh dan membaling syiling ke dalam kelopak air adalah sesuatu perkara yang dilarang dalam Islam kerana perbuatan itu dianggap syirik dan terkutuk di sisi Allah. Namun Islam tetap membenarkan manusia untuk menghormati sesuatu kawasan selagi adatnya masih selari dengan etika Islam.
Para pendaki juga dinasihatkan agar tidak membuang air kecil atau besar kedalam kelopak air kerana perbuatan tersebut tidak elok pada pandangan masyarakat tempatan dan mungkin boleh menyebabkan kemarahan oleh "penghuni halus" yang menetap disana yang tidak boleh dilihat dengan mata kasar.
The western part of Sabah is generally mountainous, containing the three highest mountains in Malaysia. The most prominent range is the Crocker Range which houses several mountains of varying height from about 1,000 metres to 4,000 metres. At the height of 4,095 metres, Mount Kinabalu is the highest mountain in South East Asia . The jungles of Sabah are classified as rainforests and host a diverse array of plant and animal species. Kinabalu National Park was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2000 because of its richness in plant diversity combined with its unique geological, topographical, and climatic conditions.[14]
Lying nearby Mount Kinabalu is Mount Tambuyukon. With a height of 2,579 metres, it is the third highest peak in the country. Adjacent to the Crocker Range is the Trus Madi Range which houses the second highest peak in the country, Mount Trus Madi, with a height of 2,642 metres. There are lower ranges of hills extending towards the western coasts, southern plains, and the interior or central part of Sabah. These mountains and hills are traversed by an extensive network of river valleys and are in most cases covered with dense rainforest.
The central and eastern portion of Sabah are generally lower mountain ranges and plains with occasional hills. Kinabatangan River begins from the western ranges and snakes its way through the central region towards the east coast out into the Sulu Sea. It is the second longest river in Malaysia after Rajang River at a length of 560 kilometres. The forests surrounding the river valley also contains an array of wildlife habitats, and is the largest forest-covered floodplain in Malaysia.[15]
| Mount Kinabalu | |
|---|---|
| Gunung Kinabalu | |
 Mount Kinabalu | |
| Elevation | 4,095.2 m (13,436 ft) |
| Prominence | 4,095.2 m (13,436 ft) Ranked 20th |
| Listing | Country high point Ultra Spesial (Ribu) |
| Location | |
 
Mount Kinabalu
| |
| Location | Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia |
| Range | Crocker Range |
| Coordinates | 6°5′N 116°33′E |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | March 1851 Hugh Low (summit plateau) |
| Easiest route | Hiking |
Mount Kinabalu (Malay: Gunung Kinabalu) is a prominent mountain on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It is located in the East
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